Mrs. Daxaben Patel1, Ms. Het Patel2
1HOD of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Visnagar District: Mehsana
22nd Year M.sc Nursing Student, Nootan College of Nursing, Visnagar, Dist: Mehsana
*Corresponding Author Email: hetrpatel1995@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer, accounting for about one out of five malignancies in men and one out of nine in women. Unfortunately, over the past several years, while the incidence of lung cancer has gradually declined in men, it has been rising alarmingly in women. In 1940 only seven women in 100,000 developed the disease; today the rate is 42 in 100,000. And all the evidence points to smoking as the cause. As one specialist in the field reports, "How long it takes to get cancer depends on how many cigarettes you smoke a day." However, studies prove that quitting smoking does lower the risk. Design: A quantitative approach using pre experimental one group pre-test post-test design. Participants: 50 People living near to the industrial area. were selected by using Non-Probability Convenient sampling technique in Mehsana District. Interventions: Health Education Programme was given to the People living near to the industrial area. Tool: Self Structured Questionnaire and Likert attitude Scale was used to assess the level of Knowledge and attitude regarding prevention of lung cancer in people living near to the industrial area. Results: In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age 26% (above 50year), Gender 50% (Male)Educational status 52% (Primary), Occupation 42% (Labourer), Economic status 54%(Less than 5000/-), Bad habits 40% (No any bad habits), Source of information 38% (No information), The mean post-test Knowledge score (14.18)was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (7.68). The calculated “T” value (13.34) was greater than the table value (2.00) at 0.05 level of significance. The mean post-test Attitude score (72.4) was higher than the mean pre-test Attitude score (66.3). The calculated “T” value (14.92) was greater than the table value (2.00) at 0.05 level of significance. The Health Education programme was effective in increasing the Knowledge and attitude regarding Prevention of Lung cancer. Chi-square test to associate with the level of knowledge and selected demographic variable. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that Health Education Programme is effective in increase knowledge and attitude regarding prevention of lung cancer in people living near to the Industerial area.
KEYWORDS: Assess effectiveness, Health Education Programme, Knowledge, Attitude, Prevention of lung cancer.
INTRODUCTION:
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer, accounting for about one out of five malignancies in men and one out of nine in women. Unfortunately, over the past several years, while the incidence of lung cancer has gradually declined in men, it has been rising alarmingly in women. In 1940 only seven women in 100,000 developed the disease; today the rate is 42 in 100,000. And all the evidence points to smoking as the cause. As one specialist in the field reports, "How long it takes to get cancer depends on how many cigarettes you smoke a day." However, studies prove that quitting smoking does lower the risk.1
The risk of lung cancer for non-smokers who are exposed to smoke in the environment (known as second-hand, passive, or involuntary smoking), is as much as 30 percent higher than that of those who are not. The risk is even higher for exposure to side stream smoke (from the smoldering end of a cigarette) than for mainstream smoke (smoke that has been exhaled by the smoker).1
NEED OF THE STUDY:
Worldwide in 2018, Lung Cancer occurred in 2.1 million people and resulted in 1.8 million deaths. This makes it the most common cause of cancer related death in men and second most common in women after breast cancer. (World Cancer Report 2018)2
Lung cancers are the fourth most common cancer reported in the Indian males. It accounts for 6.8% of all malignancies in India. The incidence is estimated to be about 6.6 per 100,000 in females.3
In India, Lung Cancer constitutes 6.9 percent of all new cancer cases and 9.3 percent of all cancer related deaths in both sexes, it is the commonest cancer and cause of cancer related mortality in men, with the highest reported incidences from Mizoram in both male and females (Age adjusted rate 28.3 and 28.7 per 100000 population in males and females respectively). (Indian Council of Medical Research 2013)4
According to times of India (Payal Gwalani-July10, 2014) report, “Lung Cancer catches indian early”-Cancer in itself has some scary implications. Doctors are all the more concerned about the exponential rise in incidences of lung cancer, especially in the last three to four years. Having the biggest mortality rate among all kinds of cancers, this disease is the most common cause of cancer related death in the world. Primarily caused due to smoking, even passive or second hand smoking, Lung Cancer can also be cause due to environmental and genetic factors. Increased exposure to pollutants is also a reason for more cases of the disease.5
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
1. To Assess the effectiveness Knowledge regarding Prevention of Lung Cancer before and after administration of Health Education Programme among Selected people living near to industrial area in Mehsana district.
2. To Assess the effectiveness Attitude regarding Prevention of Lung Cancer before and after administration of Health Education Programme among Selected people living near to industrial area in Mehsana district.
3. To find out the association of Post-test Knowledge score with Selected Demographic Variables.
HYPOTHESIS:
H1: There will be significant different between Pre-test and Post-test Knowledge score regarding prevention of lung cancer people living near to the industrial area in mehsana district.
H2: There will be significant different between Pre-test and Post-test Attitude score regarding prevention of lung cancer people living near to the industrial area in mehsana district.
H3: There will be significant association between the Post-test Knowledge score with selected demographic variables.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Pre experimental one group Pre-test/Post-test research design and Quantitative Approach. Effectiveness of Health education Programme knowledge and attitude regarding regarding prevention of lung cancer among selected people living near to industrial area in mehsana district. The data were collected from 50 People living near to the industrial area. “Non-Probability Convenient” sampling technique were used. A structured questionnaire was selected to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding prevention of lung cancer.
RESULTS:
Demographic data was analyzed using frequency and percentage. Frequencies, percentage, mean, mean percentage and standard deviation was used to determine the knowledge score. The ‘t’ value was computed to show the effectiveness of Health Education Programme and chi-square test was done to determine the association between the post test knowledge of People living near to the Industerial area with selected demographic variables.
Finding related to demographic data:
Finding related to pre and post knowledge score Age 26% (above 50year), Gender 50% (Male) Educational status 52% (Primary), Occupation 42% (Labourer), Economic status
54% (Less than 5000/-), Bad habits 40% (No any bad habits), Source of information 38% (No information)
|
Level of Knowledge |
Pre test |
Post test |
||
|
Frequency |
% |
Frequency |
% |
|
|
Inadequate (0-8) Score |
36 |
72% |
7 |
14% |
|
Moderate (9-16) Score |
14 |
28% |
32 |
64% |
|
Adequate (17-25) Score |
0 |
0% |
11 |
22% |
|
TOTAL |
50 |
100% |
50 |
100% |
Table shows that pretest knowledge scores of the samples on Essential Prevention of Lung cancer was Inadequate knowledge 36(72%), Moderate knowledge 14(28%) whereas posttest knowledge score was about 7(14%) Inadequate knowledge, Moderate knowledge 32(64%) and Adequate knowledge 11(22%).
It was inferred from the above table that the Health Education Programme was effective in improving knowledge on Prevention of Lung cancer selected people living near to the industrial area.
Finding related to effectiveness of structured teaching programme:
Distribution of subject on paired ‘t’ test between pretest and posttest knowledge score regarding Prevention of lung cancer in People living near to the Industerial area.
|
Knowledge test |
Mean score |
Mean Difference |
SD |
Calculated ‘t’ value |
Table ‘t’ value |
df |
Level of significance |
|
Pre-test |
7.68 |
6.5 |
1.33 |
13.34 |
2.00 |
49 |
0.05 |
|
Post-test |
14.18 |
4.25 |
Finding related to association between posttest knowledge score regarding prevention of Lung Cancer with selected demographic variables:
Table show that the association between the Post-test level of Knowledge and socio demographic Variable. Based on the Third objectives used to chi –square test to associate the level of knowledge of Prevention of Lung cancer and selected demographic variable. The chi square value show that there is significant in Age, Gender, Educational status, Occupation, Economic status, Bad habits, Source of information. The calculated Chi-square was less than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance.
Analysis and Interpretation of the Data Collected on Likert attitude scale of the Samples
|
Level of Attitude |
Pre -Test |
Post -Test |
||
|
Frequency |
% |
Frequency |
% |
|
|
Positive (66-100) |
35 |
70% |
36 |
72% |
|
Negative (20-65) |
15 |
30% |
14 |
28% |
|
Total |
50 |
100% |
50 |
100% |
Table shows that 35 (70%) Samples have positive attitude in Pre-test score whereas 15(30%) Samples have negative attitude in Pre-test. 36(72%) Sample have positive attitude in Post-test Score Whereas 14(28%) Sample have negative attitude regarding Prevention of Lung Cancer.
Mean, Mean Difference, Standard deviation SD,‘t’ value of Pre test and Post- test Attitude Scores of Samples
|
Attitude Test |
Mean |
Mean Difference |
SD |
Calculated ‘t’ value |
Table ‘t’ value |
df |
Level of significance |
|
Pre-test |
66.3 |
6.1 |
8.42 |
14.92 |
2.00 |
49 |
0.05 |
|
Post -test |
72.4 |
9.94 |
CONCLUSION:
The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Health Education Programme on prevention of lung cancer selected People living near to the industrial area. The study was conducted by using Pre experimental one group pre-test post-test research design. Mehsana district was selected for conducting the study. The sample size was 50 People living near to the industrial area. by using non probability convenient sampling method.
REFERENCE:
1. Ganesh B, Sushama S, Monika S, Suvarna P, “A Case Control Study of Risk Factors For Lung cancer in Mumbai, India”, Asian Pacific Journals of Cancer Prevention, Volume: 12, page no:-357-362. (Cited 2011).
2. Ram M. Sai., Jyothi B. Nirmala, Suneetha A., “Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme Regarding Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Prevention of Lung Cancer among Male Adolescents, “International Journal of Nursing Care (2017), Volume: 5.
3. Abdullah, F., and Levine, E. (1965), “Better Patient Care through Nursing Research”, London: Macmillan Company
4. Altman, G.D. (1991), “Practical Statistics for Medical Research”, London: Chapman and Hall.
5. Ansari, J., and Khan, F. (2010), “Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing”, Jalandhar: Vikas and Company
Received on 17.08.2019 Modified on 21.09.2019
Accepted on 20.10.2019 ©A&V Publications All right reserved
Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2020; 10(1):25-27.
DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2020.00006.3